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Lecture 4

Document 34 - The Star-Spangled Banner (1814)

When American lawyer Francis Scott Key wrote the poem The Star-Spangled Banner, Britain had been at war with his country for two years. The British had sacked the Capitol, and burned the White House and the Library of Congress before being forced to retreat to Baltimore in August 1814. Key was inspired to write the verse as he watched the British fleet conduct an all-night bombardment of an American stronghold at Fort McHenry. Borrowing a tune from an old British drinking song, The Star- Spangled Banner was sung in public a few days later. The Star-Spangled Banner was officially approved as the national anthem of the United States in 1931.

 

I

Oh, say can you see by the dawn’s early light
What so proudly we hailed by the twilight’s last gleaming?
Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight,
O’er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming?
And the rocket’s red glare, the bombs bursting in air,
Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there,
Oh, say does that star-spangled banner yet wave
O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave?

II

On the shore, dimly seen through the mists of the deep,
Where the foe’s haughty host in dread silence reposes,
What is that which the breeze, o’er the towering steep,
As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses?
Now it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam,
In full glory reflected now shines in the stream:
Tis the star-spangled banner! Oh, long may it wave
O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave!

 

III

And where is that band who so vauntingly swore
That the havoc of war and the battle’s confusion,
A home and a country should leave us no more!
Their blood has washed out their foul footstep’s pollution
No refuge could save the hireling and slave
From the terror of flight, or the gloom of the grave:
And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth wave
O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave!

IV

Oh! thus be it ever, when freemen shall stand
Between their loved home and the war’s desolation!
Blest with victory and peace, may the heaven rescued land
Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation.
Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just,
And this be our motto: “In God is our trust.”
And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave
O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave!

Questions for Discussion

  1. What is Key celebrating in The Star-Spangled Banner?
  2. Why do you think the American flag was so important to Key?