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Lecture 2

Document 3 - Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639)

In 1636, citizens from several parts of Massachusetts formed settlements in the rich farmlands of the Connecticut River Valley. By 1639, the newly established settlers had agreed on the Fundamental Orders–a framework of self-government for the new towns and the first written constitution in America.

 

Forasmuch as it hath pleased the Allmighty God by the wise disposition of his divyne pruvidence so to Order and dispose of things that we the Inhabitants and Residents of Windsor, Harteford and Wethersfield are now cohabitating [living] and dwelling in and uppon the River of Conectecotte and the lands thereunto adioyneing; And well knowing where a people are gathered togather the word of God requires that to mayntayne the peace and union of such a people there should be an orderly and decent Government established according to God, to order and dispose of the affayres of the people at all seasons as occation shall require; doe therefore assotiate and conioyne our selves to be as one Publike State or Commonwelth; and doe, for our selves and our Successors and such as shall be adioyned to us att any tyme hereafter, enter into Combination and Confederation togather, to mayntayne and presearve the liberty and purity of the gospell of our Lord Jesus which we now professe, as also the disciplyne of the Churches, which according to the truth of the said gospell is now practised amongst us; As also in our Civell Affaires to be guided and governed according to such Lawes, Rules, Orders and decrees as shall be made, ordered & decreed....

1. It is Ordered... that there shall be yerely two generall Assemblies or Courts, the first

 

shall be called the Courte of Election, wherein shall be yerely Chosen... magestrats and other publike Officers... Whereof one to be chosen Governour for the yeare ensueing and untill another be chosen, and noe other Magestrate to be chosen for more than one yeare; provided allwayes there be sixe chosen besids the Governour; which... shall have power to administer justice according to the Lawes here established,... which choise shall be made by all that are admitted freemen and have taken the Oath of Fidellity, and doe cohabitte [live] within this Jurisdiction....

4. It is Ordered... that noe person be chosen Governor above once in two yeares, and that the Governor be alwayes a member of some approved congregation, and formerly of the Magestracy within this Jurisdiction; and all the Magestrats Freemen of this Commonwelth....

8. It is Ordered...that Wyndsor, Hartford and Wethersfield shall have power, ech Towne, to send fower [four] of their freemen as their deputyes to every Generall Courte; and whatsoever other Townes shall be hereafter added to this Jurisdiction, they shall send so many deputyes as the Courte shall judge meete, a resonable proportion to the number of Freemen that are in the said Townes being to be attended therein....

Questions for Discussion

  1. Which geographic areas would be governed by the Fundamental Orders?
  2. Why was this document written?
  3. According to the Fundamental Orders, what is the main function of government?
  4. Who, according to the Fundamental Orders, is qualified to vote for the magistrates?