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Lecture 4
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Document 21 - Joint Resolution of Congress Annexing Texas to the United States (1845)

When the United States recognized the Republic of Texas in 1837, the southwest expansion of the Union was well under way. But the question of whether or not to annex Texas as a State was fiercely debated in the Senate. Issues included the refusal of Texas to give up slavery, and Mexican claims to the territory. In 1844, a treaty that provided for the independent Republic of Texas to enter the United States as another State of the Union did not make the required two-thirds vote. So, in 1845, outgoing President John Tyler secured the passage of a resolution in both houses of Congress admitting Texas to the Union. A year later, the annexation of Texas brought on war with Mexico.

 

Resolved,... That Congress doth consent that the territory properly included within, and rightfully belonging to the Republic of Texas, may be erected into a new State to be called the State of Texas, with a republican form of government....

2. That the foregoing consent of Congress is given upon the following conditions, and with the following guarantees, to wit: First, Said State to be formed, subject to the adjustment by this government of all questions of boundary that may arise with other governments; and the constitution thereof...shall be transmitted to the President of the United States, to be laid before Congress for its final action. Second, Said State, when admitted into the Union... shall retain all the public funds, debts, taxes, and dues of every kind, which may belong to or be due and owing said republic,... in no event are said debts and liabilities to become a charge upon the Government of the United States. Third, New States, of convenient size, not exceeding four in number, in addition to said State of Texas, and having sufficient population may hereafter by the consent of said State, be formed

 

out of the territory thereof, which shall be entitled to admission under the provisions of the federal constitution. And such States as may be formed out of that portion of said territory... [south of] the Missouri compromise line, shall be admitted into the Union with or without slavery, as the people of each State asking admission may desire. And in such State or States as shall be formed out of said territory north of said Missouri compromise line, slavery, or involuntary servitude, (except for crime,) shall be prohibited....

Be it resolved, That a State, to be formed out of the present Republic of Texas, with suitable extent and boundaries, and with two representatives in Congress, until the next apportionment of representation, shall be admitted into the Union, by virtue of this act, on an equal footing with the existing States as soon as the terms and conditions of such admission, and the cession of the remaining Texan territory to the United States shall be agreed upon by the Governments of Texas and the United States....

Questions for Discussion

  1. What was the maximum number of states that could be carved from Texas territory?
  2. Who was responsible for the debts and taxes due in Texas?
  3. How did the Resolution deal with the slavery issue?