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Related Links
Lecture 11
Lecture 17

Document 20 - The Cherokee Address the American People (1830)

In 1830, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act. This act gave the President the power to order all Native American groups living east of the Mississippi to move west. The Cherokee nation tried to prevent such a fate through legal treaties. In this address, the Cherokee, frustrated by the inability of the United States Supreme Court to enforce its decision, appeal directly to the American people. The appeal fell on deaf ears. In 1838, some 13,000 Cherokee men, women, and children were forced to migrate. About 4,000 Cherokee died on their journey through a cold, wet winter. This migration is called the Trail of Tears.

 

More than a year ago we were officially given to understand by the secretary of war, that the president could not protect us against the laws of Georgia....Finding that relief could not be obtained from the chief magistrate, and not doubting that our claim to protection was just, we made an application to Congress.... But, just at the close of the session, an act was passed, by which an half million of dollars was appropriated towards effecting a removal of Indians.... Thus have we realized, with heavy hearts, that our supplication [humble plea] has not been heard; that the protection heretofore experienced is now to be withheld: that the guaranty [treaty], in consequence of which our fathers laid aside their arms and ceded the best portions of their country, means nothing; and that we must either emigrate to an unknown region and leave the pleasant land to which we have the strongest attachment, or submit to the legislation of a state which has already made our people outlaws.... But in the midst of our sorrows, we do not forget our obligations to our friends and benefactors. It was with sensations of inexpressible joy that we have learned that the voice of thousands, in many parts of the United States, has been raised in our behalf, and numerous memorials [speeches] offered in our favor, in both houses of Congress. To those

 

numerous friends, who have thus sympathized with us in our low estate, we tender our grateful acknowledgments. In pleading our cause, they have pleaded the cause of the poor and defenceless throughout the world.... The people of the United States will have the fairness to reflect, that all the treaties between them and the Cherokee were made, at the solicitation and for the benefit, of the whites... our people have trusted their country to the guaranty of the United States. If this guaranty fails them, in what can they trust, and where can they look for protections?... We wish to remain on the land of our fathers. We have a perfect and original right to remain without interruption or molestation. The treaties with us, and laws of the United States made in pursuance of treaties, guaranty our residence and our privileges, and secure us against intruders. Our only request is, that these treaties may be fulfilled, and these laws executed....

It is under a sense of the most pungent [painful] feelings that we make this, perhaps our last appeal to the good people of the United States. It cannot be that the community we are addressing, remarkable for its intelligence and religious sensibilities, and preeminent for its devotion to the rights of man, will lay aside this appeal.

Questions for Discussion

  1. Which act of Congress are the Cherokee protesting?
  2. How did the Cherokee try to appease the American government?
  3. Why are the American people their last resort of appeal?